A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in.

For ¾” rigid or IMC, use a 1” EMT bender. The hickey bender is only used for Rigid or IMC, since it would normally kink EMT tubing (except for very small bends). Large sizes of raceways can be bent with hydraulic benders or with mechanical benders, such as a Chicago bender, which incorporates a ratcheting action.

A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in.. When using a CNC software-controlled tube bender, software helps make these adjustments as precisely as possible. Step 3. Align the Tube. Align the pipe or tube on the bender properly. Use the mandrel and wiper dies in the right places as required. Generally, the benders come with a protractor to measure the bend angle. Step 4. …

Removable Collar (Hook) = A. Shoe = B. Match the function of the bender part with the corresponding letter from the photo. Aligned with take-up mark (Mark 1) = = A. Can be detached to insert or remove conduit = = A. Forms the conduit into the desired shape = = B. Holds the conduit against the shoe = = A. Increases leverage = = F.

A hand bender with no radius shoe and is used to make bends in rigid conduit. Hickey Sizes. Available in 1/2" and 3/4" and 1" rigid pipe sizes. ... A tube or lever used to hold the bender while in use. Bender Foot Pedal. The part of the bender where foot pressure is applied in order to bend the conduit.A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in _____. 2" EMT You are making a concentric bend and the radius of the first bend in 16", the OD of the first pipe conduit is …• Unplug bender from any power source before disassembling, reassembling, and repairing any parts. • Operator must ALWAYS face the front of the bender with the bending degree scale visible and maintain a minimum of 3 feet distance while the conduit is being bent. All other personnel must remain out of the area while the bender is in operation.Engineering. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. 12 Abend used for a change in direction of less than 90° is called a (n) a kick b. saddle c. stub-up d. offset 13. A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in a. 2" EMT b. 4" rigid conduit c. 14Pvc d. IMC conduit only 14.Identify Part Quiz 1 Q14. A. Die Piece, B. Die Adjustment. Identify Part Quiz 1 Q17. A. Oiler, B. Die Head, C. Power Pony. Parts of a electric bender. Control Pad, Gearbox, Motor, Rollers. What is the range of sizes of rigid metal conduit that can be bent with a mechanical bender. 1/2" to 2". A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Electrotechnology Practice Jeffery Hampson 2019-06-07 Electrotechnology Practice is a practical text that accompanies Hampson/Hanssen’s theoretical Electrical Trade Principles. It covers essential units of competencies in the two key qualifications in the UEE Electrotechnology Training Women in mechanic vocations have selected scholarship options from which to choose, depending on their specific areas of study. The automotive industry is a major employer. Female ...Jan 19, 2024 · Mechanical Conduit Benders. Mechanical conduit benders are typically used for larger conduits and heavy-duty applications. They use mechanical leverage, gears, and ratcheting mechanisms to create the desired bends. Mechanical benders can handle larger conduit sizes, but they may not offer the same level of precision as hydraulic or electric ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tool used to cut an external thread on a conduit is called a ? . a.chuck b.die c.reamer d.tap, A ? or file is used to remove the rough edge on the inside of a metal conduit after it has been cut. a.die b.reamer c.threader d.tap, Rigid and Intermediate Metal Conduit should be reamed … Top creator on Quizlet. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Portable mechanical conduit benders can be used as one-shot benders on _____, two types of shoes used in hydraulic bends are the ____ shoes, to prevent one-shot shoe from digging in when bending rigid aluminum, do what? and more. Mark this distance on the conduit and use a pipe bender to make a sharp 90-degree bend. 45-Degree Bend: A 45-degree bend is often used when a more gradual turn is needed. Measure the required distance for the bend, mark it on the conduit, and use the bender to create a smooth arc with a 45-degree angle.Apr 28, 2023 · To use the deduct figure, measure the distance to the far edge of the 90 and subtract the deduct figure. If ½" pipe is being bent and the distance is 56", place a mark on the conduit at 51"; this is where the bender will be placed. Work the bender onto the conduit with the conduit mark at the arrow of the bender. Find the solution to a question about mechanical benders and conduit bends. Learn the definition of offset, the types of benders, and the methods of bending.

Centerline Bend Radius: 2-5/8'' (66.700 MM) - 5-7/8'' (149.200 MM) Rigid For 1/2'' - 1.000'' Rigid Conduit ... Type: Mechanical Bender: Conduit Type: IMC, Rigid: Application: Conduit Bending: Replacement Part: 08429 Undercarriage Unit For 1800 And 1801, 19988G Wheel, Non-flat *Greenlee® may make improvements and/or changes in the ... A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in _____. 2" EMT You are making a concentric bend and the radius of the first bend in 16", the OD of the first pipe conduit is 2", and the spacing between conduit runs is 3". Whether you have an established mechanic business or you're just getting started, our mechanic tools list will help ensure you have everything you need. If you buy something throug...Mar 27, 2020 ... Comments12 · Using the Greenlee 881 Hydraulic Bender to bend a 15 inch offset in 3 inch EMT · Bending a 90 degree stub-up in 4 inch EMT conduit ...

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Apr 22, 2013 ... Learn how to use a hand tube bender to accurately and efficiently make 90° and 180° bends in tubing. Swagelok® hand tube benders provide ...A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Audel Electrician's Pocket Manual Paul Rosenberg 2003-11-10 Your on-the-job reference Now fully updated for the 2002 National Electrical Code, theElectrician's Pocket Manual is packed with charts, conversions,photographs, diagrams, code standards, and other information youneed on …352.24 Bends — How Made. Bends shall be so made that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. Field bends shall be made only with bending equipment identified for the purpose. The radius of the curve to the centerline of such bends shall not be less than shown in Table …Secure the conduit in a bending device or vice to ensure stability during the bending process. Position yourself in a comfortable stance and align the bending device or bender with the marked location on the conduit. Apply consistent pressure to the bending device, gradually bending the conduit to a 45-degree angle.The correct answer is 'False'. Select the correct measurement that represents the back-to-back distance of the bend. Note: The measurement from this question will be used in additional questions. The correct answer is: 23 1/16". After determining the back-to-back distance of the two 90° bends, the first bend is made.Step 2: Prepare The Pipe Bender. You need to properly set up the pipe bender for your specific pipe size and bend requirements. Start by ensuring the bender is the correct size for your pipe. The arms and dies need to match the pipe diameter. Adjust the dials to set the desired bend radius.

A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Aviation Support Equipment Technician M 3 & 2 1983 ... Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, on-the-job reference specifically designed to provide the most commonly required information on how to properly bend conduit, including information on bending types and techniques. An ideal tool for ...After all, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), machine-related hazards are one of the most common mistakes that cause harm. One machine I want to talk about in particular is the pipe bender. A pipe bender can make bending tubes and pipes easier and simpler.The 1800 Mechanical Bender is a manually powered bender intended to bend 1/2", 3/4" and 1" rigid conduit, IMC (intermediate metallic conduit), and Schedule 40 pipe. Safety Safety is essential in the use and maintenance of Greenlee tools and equipment. This instruction manual and any markings on the tool provide information for Top creator on Quizlet. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Portable mechanical conduit benders can be used as one-shot benders on _____, two types of shoes used in hydraulic bends are the ____ shoes, to prevent one-shot shoe from digging in when bending rigid aluminum, do what? and more. Whether you have an established mechanic business or you're just getting started, our mechanic tools list will help ensure you have everything you need. If you buy something throug... Top creator on Quizlet. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Portable mechanical conduit benders can be used as one-shot benders on _____, two types of shoes used in hydraulic bends are the ____ shoes, to prevent one-shot shoe from digging in when bending rigid aluminum, do what? and more. Pipe benders are tools used to bend pipes and tubes made with various types of material. It can work on different metals such as steel, aluminum, and copper among a few and then formed into different curves and angles. There are four types of pipe benders: dual pipe, mini pipe, ergonomic, free-standing, ratchet pipe, and conduit pipe.Above: an electric-operated electrical conduit bender from Klein Tools. Screw a 30-inch length of threaded pipe into the bender head (sometimes called a an electricians “hickey.”) Insert the conduit into the bender through the hook at the top of the head. The hook marks where the bend will start.In order to use an EMT hand bender to bend rigid conduit, what factors should be considered? Select one: a. The bender should be designed for use with both EMT and rigid conduit. b. The hook of the bender may be sprung by using it to bend rigid. c. The next larger sized bender should be used; for example, using a 3/4 " EMT bender for 1/2" rigid. d.Here’s the best way to solve it. Estimate the length of conduit to perform the next bends. RMC will be bend using a mechanical bender. Provide your answer in inches (just the number) using up to 2 decimals. The picture shows two panels connected by a conduit with an offset and a stub-up. 18 3/4" stub 45° offset کامة RMC 3/4 - MB 86 11/16".

Which of the following is used to bend IMC? A hickey. A damp sponge or cloth can be used to set bends in ____. PVC. The formula pie x Distance is used to calculate _____. circumference. Two junction boxes are each located on different walls, 12 inches from the same corner. Given a 90* bend with a take-up of 6 inches and a gain 2-1/4 inches ...

A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Electrotechnology Practice Jeffery Hampson 2019-06-07 Electrotechnology Practice is a practical text that accompanies Hampson/Hanssen’s theoretical Electrical Trade Principles. It covers essential units of competencies in the two key qualifications in the UEE Electrotechnology Training Sheet metal bending is the process of applying a force to a sheet of metal to produce a radius. The most common way to achieve this is a press brake. This process can be used in the manufacture of vehicle body panels, fridges, electronic casings, and brackets. Sheet metal bending is best suited for applications with lower production …This type of bend is used when space is limited, and there is a need for a tight bend radius. 5D Bend: A 5D bend has a centerline radius that is equal to five times the pipe diameter. This type of bend is used in applications where there is a need for a larger bend radius. 10D Bend: A 10D bend has a centerline radius that is equal to ten …Find the best auto mechanic schools and see how you can further your career with an auto mechanic degree. Updated April 14, 2023 thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site...A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Railway Signaling and Communications 1955 Modern Metals 1959 Sport Aviation and the Experimenter 1963 ... Ugly’s Conduit Bending, 2020 Edition Alan W. Stanfield 2020-03-13 Updated to reflect the 2020 National Electrical Code (NEC), Ugly’s Conduit Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, …Place the bender on the conduit facing the free end that is opposite the original bend you made in step 2. Line up the mark from step 3 with the start point symbol on the bender. Apply pressure to the heel end of the bender with your foot, using the handle as a lever, until you reach the 90 degree position.Final answer: A mechanical bender is used to make bends in several types of conduits or tubes, including 1-1/2" PVC, 2" EMT, 4" rigid conduit and IMC. It's widely used in the …With a shoe unit on a bender you can make the bend in one continuous curve or motion of the bender. With a shoe unit, the required bend is easy to make, but with a hickey bender you have to be careful to obey the radius requirements. Several small segment bends are required to make a 90° bend with a hickey. Code Table 2, Chap-ter 9 lists the mini-

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coat the shoe with WD-40® or petroleum jelly. Three-inch rigid conduit is bent using a (n) _____. Hydraulic bender. Which of the following is a type of bending shoe? Segment. Springback is a term used to describe the _____. tendency of the conduit to relax to a bend angle slightly less than that indicated on the bender pointer. when the bender ...A method of bending conduit where the conduit is not turned around in the bender during the bending process is the push-through method. The center of bend marks are usually indicated on a new mechanical/electric bender (or its shoes). The centers of the various standard bend angles must be found, and the shoe (s) marked on a new mechanical or ... Hydraulic benders are often used for rigid conduit or for conduits in sizes from 2½ to 5 inches, which are too large for electric benders. They make smooth, round bends without conduit squeeze or bulge and without splitting pipe seams. Power for hydraulic pumps is provided manually or by electric pump motors. The mark on the bender that is used to bend a 90 degree stub is typically a 90 degree mark on the long arm of the bender. This mark may appear as a “V”, a “G”, a “K”, or a “D”, and will usually be indicated by a 90 degree angle in the shape of one of these symbols. To properly bend a 90 degree stub, you must line up the pipe so ...2.1 Bends and Elbows. The terms bend and elbow are frequently used interchangeably; however, there is a difference between the two. A pipe bend is a term used to describe an “offset” or change in the direction of a piping or pipeline, usually for specific reasons. It is a vague term that also includes elbows.Jan 19, 2024 · Mechanical Conduit Benders. Mechanical conduit benders are typically used for larger conduits and heavy-duty applications. They use mechanical leverage, gears, and ratcheting mechanisms to create the desired bends. Mechanical benders can handle larger conduit sizes, but they may not offer the same level of precision as hydraulic or electric ... Henreser.com (Industrial Blades) A bending machine is a machine used to bend and shape workpieces. There are many types and functions of bending machines, which can be used either as presses or as bending machines. Some bending machines can process sheet metal directly without fixtures, while others require fixture-assisted …Montana State University – Northern Associate Professor of Electrical Technology Trygve "Spike" Magelssen and Instructor Jim Kirkpatrick Manual: shorturl.at...To use the deduct figure, measure the distance to the far edge of the 90 and subtract the deduct figure. If ½" pipe is being bent and the distance is 56", place a mark on the conduit at 51"; this is where the bender will be placed. Work the bender onto the conduit with the conduit mark at the arrow of the bender.A mechanical ventilator is a machine that helps with breathing. This article discusses the use of mechanical ventilators in infants. A mechanical ventilator is a machine that helps... ….

We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The Greenlee 555 bender is a popular tool used in the electrical industry for bending conduit pipes. While it is known for its durability and reliability, like any mechanical devic...1801 Mechanical Bender Illustrated Bending Glossary 1. back-to-back bend — any U-shaped bend formed by two parallel 90° bends with a straight section of conduit or pipe between the bends. 2. center-to-center distance — the distance between the successive bends that make up an offset or a three-bend saddle.A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In ... Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, on-the-job reference specifically designed to provide the most commonly required information on how to properly bend conduit, including information on bending types and techniques. An ideal tool for electricians, contractors, instructors, and students, thisFor ¾” rigid or IMC, use a 1” EMT bender. The hickey bender is only used for Rigid or IMC, since it would normally kink EMT tubing (except for very small bends). Large sizes of raceways can be bent with hydraulic benders or with mechanical benders, such as a Chicago bender, which incorporates a ratcheting action.A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Sanitary and Heating Age 1913 ... Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, on-the-job reference specifically designed to provide the most commonly required information on how to properly bend conduit, including information on bending types and techniques. An ideal tool for …Final answer: A mechanical bender is used to make bends in several types of conduits or tubes, including 1-1/2" PVC, 2" EMT, 4" rigid conduit and IMC. It's widely used in the …Centerline Bend Radius: 2-5/8'' (66.700 MM) - 5-7/8'' (149.200 MM) Rigid For 1/2'' - 1.000'' Rigid Conduit ... Type: Mechanical Bender: Conduit Type: IMC, Rigid: Application: Conduit Bending: Replacement Part: 08429 Undercarriage Unit For 1800 And 1801, 19988G Wheel, Non-flat *Greenlee® may make improvements and/or changes in the ... Top creator on Quizlet. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Portable mechanical conduit benders can be used as one-shot benders on _____, two types of shoes used in hydraulic bends are the ____ shoes, to prevent one-shot shoe from digging in when bending rigid aluminum, do what? and more. A mechanical bender may be used to make bends in., To prevent flattening when bending larger diameter PVC conduit, use. 60 to 180-degrees of bend, depending on the type of bends. A saddle bend is counted as. 40. You are making a 20-inch offset with two 30 degree bends. The distance between bends is _________ inches. the amount of travel method to monitor each bend., A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Web1801 Mechanical Bender Illustrated Bending Glossary 1. back-to-back bend — any U-shaped bend formed by two parallel 90° bends with a straight section of conduit or pipe … WebThe 1818 Mechanical Bender is designed for years of dependable trouble-free service. These features make, This type of bend is used when space is limited, and there is a need for a tight bend radius. 5D Bend: A 5D bend has a centerline radius that is equal to five times the pipe diameter. This type of bend is used in applications where there is a need for a larger bend radius. 10D Bend: A 10D bend has a centerline radius that is equal to ten …, ... can be bent using a hand bender. Hand Benders: Benders having a full shoe that the pipe is formed around. Used for hand bending EMT, IMC, and Rigid pipe., Sheet metal bending is the process of applying a force to a sheet of metal to produce a radius. The most common way to achieve this is a press brake. This process can be used in the manufacture of vehicle body panels, fridges, electronic casings, and brackets. Sheet metal bending is best suited for applications with lower production …, a. use a PVC cutter for trade sizes 2 (MD 53) and larger. b. use PVC cement on the inside and outside surfaces of the fitting only. c. use PVC cement on the ends of both pieces to be joined. d. press the conduit and fitting together and rotate about two turns to …, Mark this distance on the conduit and use a pipe bender to make a sharp 90-degree bend. 45-Degree Bend: A 45-degree bend is often used when a more gradual turn is needed. Measure the required distance for the bend, mark it on the conduit, and use the bender to create a smooth arc with a 45-degree angle., The 1800 Mechanical Bender is a manually powered bender intended to bend 1/2", 3/4" and 1" rigid conduit, IMC (intermediate metallic conduit), and Schedule 40 pipe. Safety Safety is essential in the use and maintenance of Greenlee tools and equipment. This instruction manual and any markings on the tool provide information for, Circle:2.4Square:3Rectangle:1.4. Outside diameter of rigid conduit. 2.5"-2.875"3"-3.5"4"-4.5". Shrink. Length lost when bending conduit. Must be added to the center of the bend to get proper measurements. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Shrink Constant/Multiplier-22.5° bend, Shrink …, OSOS = { (Rp + Mt) /. [Tangent (Included bend angle / 2)]} – (Rp + Mt) Rp = Inside radius, whether it is. the punch radius or the floated radius. Mt = Material thickness. This formula gives both the press brake operator and quality control technician a hard and precise number to measure—no more estimates., Mark this distance on the conduit and use a pipe bender to make a sharp 90-degree bend. 45-Degree Bend: A 45-degree bend is often used when a more gradual turn is needed. Measure the required distance for the bend, mark it on the conduit, and use the bender to create a smooth arc with a 45-degree angle., determine distance between bends. Measure length (L) from end of conduit to offset and add shrinkage (see Table 3). Mark this length on conduit (C). Subtract distance between bends and mark point (X). The first bend should be made at (C), put (STAR) or B at (C). Then make your bends at (X) & (Y). Using arrow on bender, Back-to-Back Bend 90° Bend, In order to use an EMT hand bender to bend rigid conduit, what factors should be considered? Select one: a. The bender should be designed for use with both EMT and rigid conduit. b. The hook of the bender may be sprung by using it to bend rigid. c. The next larger sized bender should be used; for example, using a 3/4 " EMT bender for 1/2" rigid. d., A. Commonly used with very large conduit B. Generally less expensive. C. Easier to pull, The minimum bend radius for 2′′ conduit when using a one-shot bender is _____. A. 9 1/2′′ B. 8 1/4′′ C. 12, Select the acceptable combination of bends in a single run. A. Three 90° elbows, two 30° bends, and one 45° bend B., Secure the conduit in a bending device or vice to ensure stability during the bending process. Position yourself in a comfortable stance and align the bending device or bender with the marked location on the conduit. Apply consistent pressure to the bending device, gradually bending the conduit to a 45-degree angle., Identify Part Quiz 1 Q14. A. Die Piece, B. Die Adjustment. Identify Part Quiz 1 Q17. A. Oiler, B. Die Head, C. Power Pony. Parts of a electric bender. Control Pad, Gearbox, Motor, Rollers. What is the range of sizes of rigid metal conduit that can be bent with a mechanical bender. 1/2" to 2"., Mark this distance on the conduit and use a pipe bender to make a sharp 90-degree bend. 45-Degree Bend: A 45-degree bend is often used when a more gradual turn is needed. Measure the required distance for the bend, mark it on the conduit, and use the bender to create a smooth arc with a 45-degree angle., Key Items To Remember When Using a Chicago Bender. Keep the conduit under control when unloading from the bender. Make sure you maintain a firm grip on the handle. Spring-back may cause the handle to spring up suddenly. If you need to move the bender make sure you remove the handle and conduit before doing so. Inspect the …, A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Railway Signaling and Communications 1955 Modern Metals 1959 Sport Aviation and the Experimenter 1963 ... Ugly’s Conduit Bending, 2020 Edition Alan W. Stanfield 2020-03-13 Updated to reflect the 2020 National Electrical Code (NEC), Ugly’s Conduit Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, …, Heat benders are used on big jobs, but for small jobs, 45° and 90° elbows can be purchased and glued together to complete the run if no heat benders are available. Also, an EMT bender can be used to bend small degree bends or “kicks” in PVC. Use an EMT bender to bend 30° kick in the PVC conduit by bending it to 60° and then the, The conduit may be kinked. T/F: To figure out the take-up for a bender, make a mark on the conduit and align the mark with the arrow on the bender. Then, make a 90° bend, and measure the distance from the mark to the back of the 90. True. T/F: The take-up is the same for every hand bender made for the same size of conduit., A set of flashcards for electrical installation and bending of conduit. Learn the code requirements, formulas, and terms for conduit bends, offsets, saddles, and more., The 1800 Mechanical Bender is a manually powered bender intended to bend 1/2", 3/4" and 1" rigid conduit, IMC (intermediate metallic conduit), and Schedule 40 pipe. Safety Safety is essential in the use and maintenance of Greenlee tools and equipment. This instruction manual and any markings on the tool provide information for, A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Copper and Copper Alloys Joseph R. Davis 2001-01-01 This handbook is a comprehensive guide to the selection and applications of copper and copper alloys, which constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of engineering materials. The handbook includes all of the essential, A method of bending conduit where the conduit is not turned around in the bender during the bending process is the push-through method. The center of bend marks are usually indicated on a new mechanical/electric bender (or its shoes). The centers of the various standard bend angles must be found, and the shoe (s) marked on a new mechanical or ..., A hand bender with no radius shoe and is used to make bends in rigid conduit. Hickey Sizes. Available in 1/2" and 3/4" and 1" rigid pipe sizes. ... A tube or lever used to hold the bender while in use. Bender Foot Pedal. The part of the bender where foot pressure is applied in order to bend the conduit., The most common types are: Manual Tube Benders: These are the simplest form of tube benders and are ideal for home use or small projects. They are easy to use …, False. A hand bender is suitable for conduit up to _____ in diameter. 1 1/4. The term used for the amount of conduit the bender will use to form a bend is _____. take-up. An offset requires two equal bends of less than 90 degrees. True. The type of bend that would be used to go around a large obstacle is the _____. , A Mechanical Bender May Be Used To Make Bends In Power 1911 Utilitiesman 1 Theodore C. Bockenstedt 1988 ... Bending, 2020 Edition, is a quick, on-the-job reference specifically designed to provide the most commonly required information on how to properly bend conduit, including information on bending types and techniques. An ideal tool for ..., After the first 90° bend has been made, measure to the point where the back of the second bend is to be, “B”. Step 2. Measure and mark your conduit the same distance, mark “B”. Step 3. Align the mark on the conduit with the Star-Point on the bender and bend to 90°. 3 Star-Point on bender must be referenced for accurate bends., 1801 Mechanical Bender Illustrated Bending Glossary 1. back-to-back bend — any U-shaped bend formed by two parallel 90° bends with a straight section of conduit or pipe between the bends. 2. center-to-center distance — the distance between the successive bends that make up an offset or a three-bend saddle. , and saddle bends using a hand bender. ... Hand benders are available in various sizes and used to bend rigid ... Have the trainees demonstrate how to make offset ..., Advertisement The fundamental process at work in a rainbow is refraction -- the "bending" of light. Light bends -- or more accurately, changes directions -- when it travels from on...