Jeff nippard bench press

Jeff Nippard's science-backed Push-Pull-Legs workout The Perfect Push Workout. Incline Barbell Bench Press (3x8,5,15): This variation targets the upper chest and shoulders more than the flat bench ...

Jeff nippard bench press. Here is Jeff Nippard’s workout routine: Day 1: Chest, Shoulders & Triceps. On day 1, Jeff Nippard performs a chest, shoulders, and triceps routine by doing a total of 9 exercises. Here is Jeff Nippard’s chest, shoulders, and triceps routine: 1. Barbell Bench Press (4 sets, 6 reps) 2. Cable Incline Fly (3 sets, 15 reps) 3.

In a recent collaboration with Will Tennyson, Jeff Nippard explained the top exercises for each body part, offering insight and tips on each movement. From …

NOOBUsually 3-6 months of lifting. Most newbie men should be able to squat and deadlift something between the empty bar and 135 pounds (1 plate per side), and 45-95 pounds for the bench press. The deadlift is a bit of a curveball because some people will be able to pull 225 (2 plates per side) their first day in the gym.The Insider Trading Activity of LENDINO JEFF on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksApr 24, 2023 · With the incline press, set the bench angle a bit higher than usual (I prefer around 45 to 60 degrees). This higher bench angle gets the delts more involved than a horizontal press. But rather than having to do both a vertical and horizontal press, to save on time , the high-incline press is basically meeting in the middle. Here are our results from Jeff Nippard's Bench Press Specialization Program! Sorry for the poor lighting, Hurricane Zeta took out the power, but that didn't ...Hello everyone! I'm a Canadian natural pro bodybuilder and internationally-qualified powerlifter with a BSc in biochemistry/chemistry and a passion for science. This channel is dedicated to ...Sign up to the Elimin8 Challenge $20,000 to achieve YOUR goals! https://www.elimin8.com 💪 = 💵 Win a chance to come train with me from anywhere in the world...

More Plates Survey · Are you: · How many days per week do you lift weights on average? · How much can you bench press for a one rep max? · How much can ... Hello everyone! I'm a Canadian natural pro bodybuilder and internationally-qualified powerlifter with a BSc in biochemistry/chemistry and a passion for science. This channel is dedicated to ... Quick Review (Spoilers) Nippard’s Fundamentals of Hypertrophy Program is an awesome program for beginners to build lean muscle. The training sessions are well-designed and appear manageable for complete noobs to make gains. The program misses the mark with the lack of a diet plan and minimal isolation work. Rating: 8.8 out of 10.The barbell bench press is one of the most important upper body exercises for overall strength and muscular development. Although the overhead military press is often touted as a comparable pushing exercise, because the bench press has a far greater potential for overload, it may be better for overall hypertrophy of the “pushing muscles”.full body program program week 1 jeff nippard’s fundamentals program /full body week 1: days 1-3 day 1 4 week strength base full body #1 sets reps rpe rest back squat 3 6 7 3-4min 1 2 3 sit back and down, 15° toe flare, drive your knees out laterally barbell bench press 3 8 7 3-4min tuck elbows at a 45° angle, squeeze your shoulder blades and … 4. Each routine is 8 weeks long and you have the option to start with whatever program fits your schedule best. After you finish the first of the three programs, you are instructed on how to advance to the others included. Each routine is designed to use a simple, linear progression: the most effective and efficient way for beginner ... Jul 5, 2023 · Jeff Nippard’s Push-Day Workout Close Grip Barbell Incline Bench Press. This compound pushing exercise is the main exercise of the push day workout. Nippard suggested doing a few warm-up sets of the movement before jumping into the working sets. He introduced this as an undulating set model.

Jeff nippard is the only good lifting channel with above 1 mil subs. ... Too powerbuilding esque for hypertrophy…. deadlifts, bench press, pendlays, military In this video we're looking at proper technique on the overhead barbell press. Get my Shoulder Hypertrophy Program 50% off ($9.99)‣ http://www.jeffnippard.co...Bench Press: 336 pounds; Deadlift: 518 pounds; If you know anything about powerlifting records, you may be disappointed with these numbers. After all, some guys can deadlift over 1,100 pounds and bench press over 800 pounds. Well, there’s also a pretty good chance you don’t know much about Nippard’s stature.BENCH PRESS JEFF NIPPARD’S S P E C I A L I Z A T I O N P R O G R A M ABOUT ME ##### Jeff is a professional drug-free bodybuilder and powerlifter. Through his informative ##### and entertaining Youtube channel which has gathered a fan-base of over 800,

Giant eagle sheffield village pharmacy.

Aug 12, 2019 ... Jeff Nippard - Benching With The Feet Up Increases Chest, Tricep and Core Activation (New Research) https://youtu.be/9i8KbN-cPg0 Jason Blaha ...Jeff Nippard’s Bench Press Specialization Program is designed for trainees who want to push their bench press strength to the limit. The training manual provides in-depth, heavily research based (with 30 scientific references included) descriptions of the program, including coaching cues developed over 13 years of training experience for every exercise. Lift …The close grip barbell incline bench press is Jeff Nippard’s main push day exercise. He started with three pyramid sets to warm up. The first warmup set was with an empty barbell for 10 reps, then he did four reps with half of his working set weight, and finally, three reps with 75% of his working weight last. ...Published on 12 March, 2024 | 10:23 AM EDT. Updated on 12 March, 2024 | 10:23 AM EDT. Ask Question? Jeff Nippard (Photo Credit: YouTube: Jeff Nippard Instagram: …Jeff Nippard’s Push-Day Workout Close Grip Barbell Incline Bench Press. This compound pushing exercise is the main exercise of the push day workout. Nippard suggested doing a few warm-up sets of the movement before jumping into the working sets. He introduced this as an undulating set model.

Always use a spotter’s assistance and safety pins when testing 1 rep maxes! OPTION 1 - Do an AMRAP test as follows: • Warm up by pyramiding up in weight using estimated 1RM: • Bar x 15, 50% x 8, 60% x 4, 70% x 3, 80% x 2, 85% x 1. • Do a set of as many reps as possible with 90-92.5 percent of your.Jeff Nippard’s Bench Press Specialization Program Kindle Edition Kindle Edition. by Jeff Nippard (Author) Format: Kindle Edition. See all formats and editions. …Jeff Nippard is a pro natural bodybuilder, powerlifter, and science communicator to over 2 million YouTube subscribers.Jeff Nippard. 4.48M subscribers. Subscribed. 86K. 3.2M views 5 years ago Technique Tuesday. The series premier of Technique Tuesday! We're covering how to perform the bench press with...I really enjoy the format of Jeff Nippard's science explained videos. Since watching these I've been digging around more scientific studies on what works best rather than forums (though I still use this subreddit pretty much every day). I've read a bit and have been looking into the reverse grip bench press.As you might have noticed, Jeff Nippard uses percentages of his one-rep max (1MR) on compound lifts like the squat, bench press, deadlift, and overhead press. Also, he starts his workouts with functional (multi-joint) exercises but finishes them with isolation (single-joint) movements.He became the 2012 Junior Mr. Canada and also held the Canadian national record for bench press. Over the years, Jeff Nippard has trained several natural bodybuilders and powerlifters to achieve their goals. He reached a larger audience through evidence-backed bodybuilding content with a scientific approach. At the time of this …bench press jeff nippard’s sp ec i a l i z a t i o n p r o g r a m bench press jeff nippard’s sp ec i a l i z a t i o n p r o g r a m table of contents about me 4 key terms 6 f.a.q 8 bench press anatomy bench press technique common mistakes warm up 18 program 13 25 31 33 program explained 60 training variables 62 exercise video links 68 …As a powerlifter, he holds the record for 502-lbs squats, 336-lbs bench press and a 518-lbs deadlift. At one point, Nippard also held the Canadian national record for bench press. Jeff Nippard’s knowledge comes from a degree in biochemistry and decades of training. He is a student of bodybuilding and continues to acquire and share knowledge.Jeff Nippard ranks every chest exercises. A total of 26 movements and you should take his advise into consideration when designing a chest workout. ... Nippard advocates for the Machine Bench Press as the ultimate chest exercise due to its ability to provide consistent tension throughout the movement, offer a full range of motion, and the ...

Aug 6, 2020 ... 10 Close Grip Bench Press Mistakes and How to Fix Them ... Increase Your Bench Press Strength FAST! ... Jeff Nippard•3.1M views · 0:48. Go to ...

Jeff Nippardx 27s Bench Press Specialization Program PDF Free (1) Removed - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (.xls / .xlsx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. I also perform 3 sets of 8-12 on incline dumbell press and 3 sets of 12 on the chest fly machine 2 days a week each. Here is the progression that worked for me on all compound lifts. It took my bench from 185 to 255, my squat from 235 to 335, front squat from 195 to 245. Warmup, and the the following 3 work sets. Jeff Nippard’s Bench Press Specialization Program is designed for trainees who want to push their bench press strength to the limit. The training manual provides in-depth, heavily research based (with 30 scientific references included) descriptions of the program, including coaching cues developed over 13 years of training experience for ... In his latest offering, Nippard walked fans through his five-point checklist for a perfect bench press. Nippard, a natural bodybuilder and powerlifter, offers easy-to-understand social media content about fitness backed up by evidence and research. Having tested the limits of his body inside and outside of competitions, Nippard’s opinion of ...Sign up to the Elimin8 Challenge $20,000 to achieve YOUR goals! https://www.elimin8.com 💪 = 💵 Win a chance to come train with me from anywhere in the world...Fitness coach Jeff Nippard continues to provide fans with easy-to-understand guides on popular exercises. In his latest endeavor, Nippard gave his five-point checklist on how to properly execute the perfect deadlift. The deadlift is considered to be one of the big three lifts alongside the squat and bench press. It’s a true test of strength and …Sep 9, 2020 · Pause Bench Press vs Touch and Go (What I Learned from @AlexLeonidas and @JeffNippard)The Pause bench press is one of the best bench press variations and has... Jeff Nippard’s Bench Press Specialization Program is designed for trainees who want to push their bench press strength to the limit. The training manual provides in-depth, heavily research based (with 30 scientific references included) descriptions of the program, including coaching cues developed over 13 years of training experience for ... He earned the title of Mr. Junior Canada for natural bodybuilding in 2012 and as a powerlifter, Jeff held the Canadian national record for the bench press in 2014. As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502 lb squat, 336 lb bench press and a 518 lb deadlift with an all time best Wilks score of 446. With a Bachelor of Science degree in ...

Marie mattox.

Disney movies wikipedia animated.

Jul 6, 2023 · The close grip barbell incline bench press is Jeff Nippard’s main push day exercise. He started with three pyramid sets to warm up. He started with three pyramid sets to warm up. The first warmup set was with an empty barbell for 10 reps , then he did four reps with half of his working set weight, and finally, three reps with 75% of his ... Bench Press: 336 pounds; Deadlift: 518 pounds; If you know anything about powerlifting records, you may be disappointed with these numbers. After all, some guys can deadlift over 1,100 pounds and bench press over 800 pounds. Well, there’s also a pretty good chance you don’t know much about Nippard’s stature.The information on this article was based on a video shared by Jeff Nippard. ... Bench: 0-45lb (0-20kg) Deadlift: 45-135lb (20-61 kg) “You should be able to progress your level by just working on your technique while incrementally adding a minimum amount of weight to the bar each and every workout generally in the 3-6 rep zone for strength ...Jeff Nippard ranks chest exercises according to their effectiveness. Nippard ranked these exercises on three criteria – stretch and tension, a smooth and painless resistance profile, and simple progression based on weight and rep range. ... According to Nippard’s research, barbell bench press variations are rightfully the bread and butter ...Let's go!!! My Powerbuilding System is available now! https://jeffnippard.comWhat's my new Powerbuilding System all about?‣ my best strength & size program t...EXERCISES: Barbell bench press, decline bench press, dip, dumbbell incline press, low incline dumbbell press, low to high cable flye, and push up JEFF NIPPARD - HIGH FREQUENCY FULL BODY PROGRAM 18 BACK: The back is comprised of a massive web of muscles, so for the sake of simplicity, we will only look at the largest back muscles.Always use a spotter’s assistance and safety pins when testing 1 rep maxes! OPTION 1 - Do an AMRAP test as follows: • Warm up by pyramiding up in weight using estimated 1RM: • Bar x 15, 50% x 8, 60% x 4, 70% x 3, 80% x 2, 85% x 1. • Do a set of as many reps as possible with 90-92.5 percent of your.For your compound exercises, you could do 2-3 sets per exercise. For any isolation exercises, you could do just 1-2 sets per exercise and get the job done well. There’s no harm in spending more time in the gym, though. If you have the time and ambition, you could start with 4 to 8 sets per muscle per week, and work your way up to 8 to 12 sets.Jeff Nippard is one of the most popular fitness stars on social media. He has over 703K followers on Instagram and 2.9 million subscribers on YouTube. Born on Oct. 6, 1990, Nippard is a Canadian bodybuilder, powerlifter, coach, and social media celebrity. ... As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502-pound squat, 336-pound bench press, and a …Relatability plays a big role in determining who our favorite superheroes are. It doesn’t really matter if Flying Brick Man™ can bench press meteors if we don’t connect with him on...From checklists for the perfect squat and bench press to ranking the best and worst back workouts, ... Jeff Nippard’s 3 New Bodybuilding Exercises for Muscle Growth . Check out Nippard’s three exercises below: Meadows-style incline lateral raise ; Bottom half smith squats ; ….

According to a Men’s Health, a man should be able to bench press 1.5 times his own body weight to be considered strong. Men’s Fitness backs up this view by and further states a per...Jeff Nippard is one of the most popular fitness stars on social media. He has over 703K followers on Instagram and 2.9 million subscribers on YouTube. Born on Oct. 6, 1990, Nippard is a Canadian bodybuilder, powerlifter, coach, and social media celebrity. ... As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502-pound squat, 336-pound bench press, and a …Necessities: Smooth feel, no pain, consistent resistance providing good pump and connection. Bench Press: Generally feels good, some report shoulder discomfort. Flat Dumbbell Press: Deeper pec stretch, less shoulder issues reported. Machine Chest Press: Locked-in motion can enhance mind-muscle connection and pump.Phase 3 will transmute (convert) the adaptations developed in Phase 2 into maximum strength. You will be performing the squat and bench press (or a variation) 3x per week, with a heavy deadlift programmed 1x per week at a high exertion. Because deadlifts are such a taxing exercise, this program uses extra squat work to assist with deadlift ...First time was a 15 pound increase which I was quite happy with, despite also gaining 10 pounds in BW in that period. However, second time around, after having gained another 10 pounds in BW, I only PRed by 5 pounds. This meaning after gaining 20 pounds in BW and nearly half a year of training, my bench only went up 20 pounds.Jeff Nippard Fixes Sam Sulek’s Training Style Using Science-Based Tools. Nippard analyzed all of Sulek’s workout videos and discovered the following: “Sam Sulek is by far the biggest fitness influencer in the world at the moment. So I decided to analyze every single workout he’s done this year. So far, he’s done 460 sets, 15 percent ...As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502 lb squat, 336 lb bench press and a 518 lb deadlift with an all time best Wilks score of 446. With a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry, Jeff has gathered the requisite scientific knowledge to compliment his practical experience acquired through training and coaching.The close grip barbell incline bench press is Jeff Nippard’s main push day exercise. He started with three pyramid sets to warm up. The first warmup set was with an empty barbell for 10 reps, then he did four reps with half of his working set weight, and finally, three reps with 75% of his working weight last. ...I have run 1.0and 2.0 and am now half way through 3.0 1.0 is a good mix, 2.0 is more focused on high volume and hypertrophy (gaining phase), and 3.0 is more focused towards strength and peaking for strength. I made good strength gains on 2.0 on squat and deadlift but no strength gains on bench. I put on good size though. Jeff nippard bench press, EXERCISES: Barbell bench press, decline bench press, dip, dumbbell incline press, low incline dumbbell press, low to high cable flye, and push up JEFF NIPPARD - HIGH FREQUENCY FULL BODY PROGRAM 18 BACK: The back is comprised of a massive web of muscles, so for the sake of simplicity, we will only look at the largest back muscles., Overall Champion WNBF Natural Muscle Mayhem (2014) Canadian National Powerlifting championships 2014: 502 lb squat, 336 lb bench press, 518 lb deadlift (2nd place) 10+ years of coaching experience at the provincial, national, world, and professional level for physique and strength sports., In a recent collaboration with Will Tennyson, Jeff Nippard explained the top exercises for each body part, offering insight and tips on each movement. From achieving the perfect squat or bench press with his detail-packed checklists, Jeff Nippard never shies away from conversations about training. He is a credentialed natural bodybuilder and ..., BENCH PRESS JEFF NIPPARD’S SPECIALIZATION PROGRAM BENCH PRESS JEFF NIPPARD’S SPECIALIZATION PROGRAM ABOUT ME ##### Jeff is a professional drug-free bodybuilder and powerlifter. Through his informative ##### and entertaining Youtube channel which has gathered a fan-base of over 800, , My stats prior to beginning Jeff Nippard’s 4x Powerbuilding Program. 27 years old, 150lbs. Squat: 510x1. Bench: 360x1. Deadlift: 565x1. I ran this program after a 4 month bulk. I compete in powerlifting at 148lbs and ended up getting up to 165lbs before deciding it was time to cut again. This program splits weeks, with odd weeks being more ..., His powerlifting achievements are nothing to scoff at either. Nippard holds a 502-pound squat, a 336-pound bench press, and a 518-pound deadlift. Considering his ability to train other natural athletes, his opinion has become highly sought after. Jeff Nippard’s 4 Brutal Quad-Stretching Exercises, He earned the title of Mr. Junior Canada for natural bodybuilding in 2012 and as a powerlifter, Jeff held the Canadian national record for the bench press in 2014. As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502 lb squat, 336 lb bench press and a 518 lb deadlift with an all time best Wilks score of 446. With a Bachelor of Science degree in ... , EXERCISES: Barbell bench press, decline bench press, dip, dumbbell incline press, low incline dumbbell press, low to high cable flye, and push up JEFF NIPPARD - HIGH FREQUENCY FULL BODY PROGRAM 18 BACK: The back is comprised of a massive web of muscles, so for the sake of simplicity, we will only look at the largest back muscles., Get an RP muscle growth training program customized to your goals: https://bit.ly/3ugAVFrTake the guesswork out of your nutrition with the RP Diet Coach app...., BENCH PRESS JEFF NIPPARD’S SPECIALIZATION PROGRAM BENCH PRESS JEFF NIPPARD’S SPECIALIZATION PROGRAM ABOUT ME ##### Jeff is a professional drug-free bodybuilder and powerlifter. Through his informative ##### and entertaining Youtube channel which has gathered a fan-base of over 800,, In 2012, he became Mr. Junior Canada and held the national record for bench press in his weight class. As a coach, Nippard has used his evidence-based fitness approach to help others reach their performance goals. Jeff Nippard Offers His Checklist to Achieve a Perfect Squat . You can find Nippard’s five-point squat checklist below:, jeff nippard bench program results. this has fs been shared on here before but i highly recommend this bench program from Jeff Nippard to anybody else struggling to up their …, Here is Jeff Nippard’s workout routine: Day 1: Chest, Shoulders & Triceps. On day 1, Jeff Nippard performs a chest, shoulders, and triceps routine by doing a total of 9 exercises. Here is Jeff Nippard’s chest, shoulders, and triceps routine: 1. Barbell Bench Press (4 sets, 6 reps) 2. Cable Incline Fly (3 sets, 15 reps) 3., First time was a 15 pound increase which I was quite happy with, despite also gaining 10 pounds in BW in that period. However, second time around, after having gained another 10 pounds in BW, I only PRed by 5 pounds. This meaning after gaining 20 pounds in BW and nearly half a year of training, my bench only went up 20 pounds., He earned the title of Mr. Junior Canada for natural bodybuilding in 2012 and as a powerlifter, Jeff held the Canadian national record for the bench press in 2014. As a powerlifter, Jeff has claimed a 502 lb squat, 336 lb bench press and a 518 lb deadlift with an all time best Wilks score of 446., Nippard did exceptionally well in powerlifting as well and achieved massive lifts like the 502 lbs squat, 336 lbs bench press and a 518 lbs deadlift. Over the years, the Canadian has trained several natural bodybuilders and powerlifters to achieve their goals. ... Jeff Nippard explains. In the most recent video posted on his YouTube channel, Jeff …, Nippard is a Canadian natural bodybuilder, powerlifter, and fitness trainer. He is known for his science-based content and has amassed close to 3.5 million YouTube subscribers. Nippard won the Mr. Junior Canada title in 2012. He also held the Canadian national record for bench press in 2014., (How To Peak For A HUGE Lift) - YouTube. MAXING OUT: New Squat, Bench & Deadlift PRs!! (How To Peak For A HUGE Lift) Jeff Nippard. 4.13M subscribers. Subscribed. 15K. 660K views 4 years..., Jeff Nippard’s UPPER LOWER Size and Strength Program is a templated program that is geared towards populations that want to build muscle and get stronger in the squat, deadlift, and bench press. Individual concerns like previous injuries, access to equipment, and training schedules can be an issue for some, but this would be the case for most ..., Jeff Nippard Bench press program Question Is it worth buying if I’ve had a stall in my bench considering I’ve just turned 18 and my bench is 105kg for 2 reps or 100 for 5 reps (I’ve done both not sure which one is a better indicator of strength)., Always use a spotter’s assistance and safety pins when testing 1 rep maxes! OPTION 1 - Do an AMRAP test as follows: • Warm up by pyramiding up in weight using estimated 1RM: • Bar x 15, 50% x 8, 60% x 4, 70% x 3, 80% x 2, 85% x 1. • Do a set of as many reps as possible with 90-92.5 percent of your., Read our QuickBooks Live vs Bench to find out which virtual bookkeeping solution is best for your business. Accounting | Versus REVIEWED BY: Tim Yoder, Ph.D., CPA Tim is a Certifie..., Skip to product information., Hey you guys, I have a few small questions about Jeff Nippards program. Currently, I am working out with Jeff nippards 4times a week upper lower program. I find it great however some things are a bit confusing. For example, he recommends in week 2 to bench press 7 reps with 70% of my one rep max., The Bench Press Specialization Program is designed for trainees who want to take their bench press to the next level. The training manual provides detailed instructions on how to execute the bench press with expert-level techniques. The 8-week Full Body Bench Press-Focused Program is split up into 2 distinct training blocks each with a specific ..., Jeff Nippard's science-backed Push-Pull-Legs workout The Perfect Push Workout. Incline Barbell Bench Press (3x8,5,15): This variation targets the upper chest and shoulders more than the flat bench ..., More Plates Survey · Are you: · How many days per week do you lift weights on average? · How much can you bench press for a one rep max? · How much can ..., The information on this article was based on a video shared by Jeff Nippard. ... Bench: 0-45lb (0-20kg) Deadlift: 45-135lb (20-61 kg) “You should be able to progress your level by just working on your technique while incrementally adding a minimum amount of weight to the bar each and every workout generally in the 3-6 rep zone for strength ..., Nippard is a Canadian natural bodybuilder, powerlifter, and fitness trainer. He is known for his science-based content and has amassed close to 3.5 million YouTube subscribers. Nippard won the Mr. Junior Canada title in 2012. He also held the Canadian national record for bench press in 2014., barbell bench press 0 2 8 72.5% n/a 2-3 min quick 1 second pause on the chest on each rep hip abduction 0 2 15-20 n/a 9 1-2 min machine, band or weighted, 1 second isometric hold at the top of each rep weighted pull-up 1 3 5-8 n/a 8 3-4 min 1.5x shoulder width grip, pull your chest to the bar floor skull crusher 1 3 10-12 n/a 8 1-2 min arc the ... , EXERCISE 1 OF 7: BENCH PRESS - 1 SET x 3-5 REPS. Obviously, before this heavy working set, you’ll want to do a full warm-up pyramid to get the blood flowing and prepare yourself mentally for that heavy load to come on the top set. Here’s my full warm-up protocol for your reference., Published on 12 March, 2024 | 10:23 AM EDT. Updated on 12 March, 2024 | 10:23 AM EDT. Ask Question? Jeff Nippard (Photo Credit: YouTube: Jeff Nippard Instagram: …, Jeff Nippard is a drug-free bodybuilder and powerlifter with a massive physique and serious work ethic. With a large following on social media, he uses his platform to promote himself and inspire others to see the gains they want to most, such as through the smartest push, pull, legs routine. When it comes to working hard, looking to the pros ...