Nationalism ap euro

the traditionalist political method that looks down upon liberalism, nationalism, and revolution. This was the type of government that dominated Europe during the time of Metternich, who was a strong conservative. Conservatism is about maintaining a traditional status quo rather than making drastic changes to society.

Nationalism ap euro. Same as my other AP Euro sets Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... AP Euro - The Age of Nationalism in Europe. Share. 5.0 (1 review) Flashcards ...

This part of our AP® European History crash course will separate the –isms out into these compartments and explain them all briefly. The –isms that we’ll discuss here fall into one of four compartments: politics and economics, art, religion, and philosophy. To help your AP® Euro review, consider these as four separate lists of –isms ...

Jan 31, 2020 · Conservatism, Liberalism, and Nationalism. january 31, 2020. S. Steven Kucklick. 📑 Summary. ⏳ Timestamps. Previous topic. Next topic. 🇪🇺 Previous Exam Prep study guides written by former AP Euro students to review Previous Exam Prep with detailed explanations and practice questions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In early modern Europe, women were accused of practicing witchcraft more often than were men because of the belief that women (a) lived longer (b) had too much political power (c) had more money (d) were more prone to violence (e) were more vulnerable to temptation, In comparison to a …His main goal was to reorganize Europe through nationalism. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was a brilliant statesman, who led Sardinia from 1850 until his death in 1861. Cavour was a nobleman who presented as a success in business before entering into politics. He had very realistic and limited national goals. Cavour desired unity for the states ...Realpolitiks practice ... pragmatic politics, conservative leaders who implement liberal and nationalist policies and act as reformers. An example of the realpolitiks is... the French Empire led by Napoleon III. After the dismissal of Metternich... France rebuilds its empire. The Concert of Europe is ... dissolved by 1850.(1864-1936) English writer and poet; defined the "white man's burden" as the duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order and enlightenment to distant lands Berlin Conference of 1884 Every country who wanted a part of Africa attended, and the continent was divided so no one would get into a conflict over the land.In other words, Bismarck acts as a perfect example of Key Concept 3.4 How European States Struggled to Maintain International Stability in an Age of Nationalism and Revolutions from the College Board’s AP® European Course and Exam Description. But he was not alone. Similar events were taking place in Italy, Austria, etc.Realpolitiks practice ... pragmatic politics, conservative leaders who implement liberal and nationalist policies and act as reformers. An example of the realpolitiks is... the French Empire led by Napoleon III. After the dismissal of Metternich... France rebuilds its empire. The Concert of Europe is ... dissolved by 1850.Jun 24, 2018 · Chapter 23 - The Age of Nationalism () Course. AP European History. Institution. Cocoa Beach High School. Book. A History of Western Society: From antiquity to the Enlightenment. AP European History - Chapter 23 (The Age of Nationalism)

Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848. Leopold II. 1865-1909; King of Belgium, sent Henry Stanley to Africa. Liberalism. The base ideas of liberty and equality. Vocab for class at Niceville HS. The list is chapter 25. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Nationalism also has an exclusive element that led many nations to prohibit certain people from being citizens. I- Imperialism. New imperialism of the 19th century created colonial rivalries among European nations. Specifically, the Partition of Africa created new tensions and built upon old tensions from previous European conflicts. A ...Frederick William IV. A ruler of Prussia who promised Prussia a liberal constitution and to merge Prussia into a new German state after revolts in Berlin. ID Terms for Chapter 22 from A History of Western Society Also taken from set: AP Euro Ch22 Ideologies and Upheavals 1815-1850 FIN Created by Aeyra.If you own a European car and are in need of replacement parts, finding a reliable and reputable online shop is crucial. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to d...dismissal of Bismarck in 1890 placed European diplomacy in less-capable hands. France and Russia soon entered into a strategic alliance, expanding the alliance system and setting the stage for World War I. The wave of ethnic nationalism that led to the unification of Germany and Italy would have the opposite effect in Austria-Hungary, a multi-

The nation is usually (though not always): composed of all persons sharing the same speech. A nation may also possess a belief in common descent or racial origin (however mistaken), or a sense of a common history, a common future, a common religion, a common geographical home, or a common external menace. Nations take form in many ways. When it comes to purchasing car parts online, finding a reliable and trustworthy source is crucial. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right onlin...AP Euro: Age of Nationalism and Realism. Napoleon III. Click the card to flip 👆. Leader/Emperor of France of the Second Empire. (#3 because Napoleon II died, out of respect) -won approval of French people, wanted to be elected again. -Seized control of gov. w/ army. Restored Universal male suffrage-stimulated national economy and industrial ...AP European History courses are typically concluded with each student taking the AP European History exam. Earning an exemplary score on this exam allows the student to earn college credit for his or her efforts. Like all AP exams, AP European History exam is a lengthy exam, clocking in at three hours and five minutes. ... Nationalism practice ...AP ® European History ... The response earned 1 point for part (c) by explaining that the promotion of nationalism was a continuity between the radical phase and Napoleon, with the radicals promoting nationalism as a part of the work of the Committee of Public Safety and Napoleon promoting it through the greatness

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Topics may include: The Marshall Plan and the Iron Curtain. The Cold War. Nationalist and separatist movements fueled by ethnic conflict. The shape of contemporary western democracies. The fall of communism and the formation of the European Union. 20th-century feminism. Decolonization, globalization, and immigration. Mar 1, 2022 · In other words, Bismarck acts as a perfect example of Key Concept 3.4 How European States Struggled to Maintain International Stability in an Age of Nationalism and Revolutions from the College Board’s AP® European Course and Exam Description. But he was not alone. Similar events were taking place in Italy, Austria, etc. The guerilla army of Giessupe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860, in attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicily peasantry. Many Italians looked to this autocratic government. Victor Emanuel II, this kingdom king, retained the liberal constitution, granted by his father. Sardinia's brilliant statesman.AP EURO- Europe from 1815 to 1848. The Definition of Romanticism. - Romanticism was a major movement in the early nineteenth century. Although it was more an attitude towards life than it was a philosophy, it did have some defining characteristics. - Romanticism was almost a counterpoint to the ideals of the Enlightenment, which were then ...AP Euro Chapter 24 - Age of Modernity, Anxiety, Imperialism 1894-1914; AP Euro Chapter 25 - World War I and the Russian Revolution; AP Euro Chapter 26 - Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939; AP Euro Chapter 27 - World War II; AP Euro Chapter 28 - Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1970; AP Euro Chapter 29 - The Western World Since 1970; AP Euro ...

Overview. European History Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and includes both a 95-minute multiple-choice and short-answer section (Section I) and a 100-minute free-response section (Section II). Each section is divided into two parts, as shown in the table below.Mar 1, 2022 · That being said, understanding the Italian Unification is important because, as an event in history, it is a good example of the AP® European History exam’s list of –isms, namely, nationalism. Consider the following prompt from the 2010 AP® European History Exam document-based question: Apr 26, 2021 ... Join us on Crowdcast: https://www.crowdcast.io/e/ap-euro-live-review-2021/9 Marco Learning Student Support: ...AP Euro- Chapter 15: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I. 20 terms. aschroeder252. Preview. AP Euro Chapter 14 Questions ... German states into his arms - war was quickly won by the Prussians who consolidated Germany and created strong German nationalism - * also Prussia takes provinces of Alsace and …When traveling from a Eurozone country to the United Kingdom, one important aspect to consider is exchanging your euros for sterling. This process can be done either at airports or...AP Euro - The Age of Nationalism in Europe Flashcards | Quizlet. 5.0 (1 review) nationalism. Click the card to flip 👆. "the bonding of a people by a common language, … Realism. A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be. Materialism. a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values. Nationalism encouraged people with a shared identity to. unite. AP Euro CH 25 The Age of Nationalism 1850-1914. Get a hint. Nationalism. Click the card to flip 👆. • dedication to an identification with the nation-state. • been a powerful force since at least 1789. • can be narrowly liberal or democratic and radical. • can be conservative, fascist, or communist. • governments could create ... AP Euro Unit 8- Nationalism, Imperialism, and Social Change. 71 terms. Ap Euro- Chapter 15. 55 terms. AP Euro Chapter 22. 47 terms. chapter 22. OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. 59 terms. Básico 2 Examen Final. 35 terms. Ana's Class Exam 2 Dates. 42 terms. Supply Chain Exam 2. 105 terms. Básico 2 Examen 2. The Responsive National State. aka Mass Politics (1871-1914) Four mass politics reasons. -ordinary people felt an increased sense of loyalty bc of nationality and they wanted a responsive state. -universal male suffrage was the rule by 1914. -politicians and political groups are representing people more responsibly. Terms in this set (137) nationalism is when people take what in their national group? pride and patriotism. what movement helped unify Germany and Italy? nationalism. nationalism helps to develop which styles of government? democracy and dictatorship. nationalism has the potential to oppress who? minority groups.The revolutionary French nationalism stressed free individual decision in the formation of nations. Nations were constituted by an act of self-determination of ...

🎥 Watch: AP European History - Nationalism & Imperialism. Effects of Nationalism. Nationalists encouraged loyalty to the nation in a variety of ways, including romantic idealism, liberal reform, political unification, and racialism with anti-Semitism. Rise in Anti-Semitism

In today’s fast-paced business world, companies are constantly searching for ways to streamline processes and improve efficiency. One area that often requires significant attention...The response earned 1 point for contextualization in the first paragraph with a discussion of the Protestant Reformation that sets up an argument linked to the increased power of the king. AP. European History 2022 Scoring Commentary. Question 1—Document-Based Question (continued) C. Evidence (0–2 points): 1.not 7.8 bc it is artwork Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.AP Euro Chapter 25 - Age of Nationalism. Crimean War. The Russians protect Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire, while the French protects Roman Catholics. The Ottoman sultan gives special Catholic places to the French, which angers the Russians. The Russians move into Ottoman provinces, which prompts the OE to declare war on them.not 7.8 bc it is artwork Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Feb 7, 2023 ... ... Africa to European diplomatic tensions to nationalist rebellions in Africa and India, imperialism had some significant consequences.1. It was the watershed political event of the 19th century. 2. The 1848 revolutions were influenced by nationalism, liberalism, and romanticism as well as economic dislocation. and instability. 3. Only Britain and Russia avoided significant upheaval. >>> Liberal reforms in Britain prevented serious popular.Britain's great concern over disruption of the existing balance of power. Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification, Practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy. The emergence of a true parliamentary system in Prussia was blocked by. The king's overwhelming executive power.Period 1 Dates: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration (1491-1648) 1348 - 1351 - The Black Death. 1453 - End of the Hundred Years’ War. 1455 - Printing Press invented. 1492 - Columbus to New World. 1517 - Protestant Reformation begins. 1555 - Peace of Augsburg. 1588 - Defeat of Spanish Armada. 1598 - Edict of Nantes.The Long Essay Question (LEQ) asks students to formulate a thesis/argument in response to a prompt about a particular historical development or episode in European history. In 2022 each LEQ asked students to determine the most significant similarity or difference between two events or processes in European history.

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If you are a shoe enthusiast or an avid online shopper, you might have come across the frustrating dilemma of converting shoe sizes from one system to another. One of the most comm...Conservatism, Liberalism, and Nationalism. january 31, 2020. S. Steven Kucklick. 📑 Summary. ⏳ Timestamps. Previous topic. Next topic. 🇪🇺 Previous Exam Prep study guides written by former AP Euro students to review Previous Exam Prep with detailed explanations and practice questions.The response earned 1 point for part (c) by explaining that the promotion of nationalism was a continuity between the radical phase and Napoleon, with the radicals promoting nationalism as a part of the work of the Committee of Public Safety and Napoleon promoting it through the greatness of French “military might” in their conquest of Europe.The Long Essay Question (LEQ) asks students to formulate a thesis/argument in response to a prompt about a particular historical development or episode in European history. In 2022 each LEQ asked students to determine the most significant similarity or difference between two events or processes in European history.When it comes to finding the right euro car parts online shop for your vehicle needs, it can be overwhelming with so many options available. However, choosing the right shop is cru...Conservatism, Liberalism, and Nationalism. january 31, 2020. S. Steven Kucklick. 📑 Summary. ⏳ Timestamps. Previous topic. Next topic. 🇪🇺 Previous Exam Prep study guides written by former AP Euro students to review Previous Exam Prep with detailed explanations and practice questions.Terms in this set (108) Nationalism. Form of personal identityPolitical and cultural movementThe underlying principle of sovereignty- Direct connection between the people and the idea of sovereigntyGreater than the individual- Serve something greater than yourselfNationalism is like a religion:Theological claims:- Nation above self- Gives ...May 8, 2023 · Period 1 Dates: Renaissance, Reformation, & Exploration (1491-1648) 1348 - 1351 - The Black Death. 1453 - End of the Hundred Years’ War. 1455 - Printing Press invented. 1492 - Columbus to New World. 1517 - Protestant Reformation begins. 1555 - Peace of Augsburg. 1588 - Defeat of Spanish Armada. 1598 - Edict of Nantes. AP European History: Sukarno Presentation. Explain briefly the individual's educational background and career. Click the card to flip 👆. - Su Karno was the leader of the Indonesian independence movement and Indonesia's first president (1949-66) - Sukarno was born June 6, 1901,in Surabaja, Java, Dutch East Indies — and died June 21, 1970 ... ….

Frederick William IV. A ruler of Prussia who promised Prussia a liberal constitution and to merge Prussia into a new German state after revolts in Berlin. ID Terms for Chapter 22 from A History of Western Society Also taken from set: AP Euro Ch22 Ideologies and Upheavals 1815-1850 FIN Created by Aeyra.Mar 1, 2022 · In other words, Bismarck acts as a perfect example of Key Concept 3.4 How European States Struggled to Maintain International Stability in an Age of Nationalism and Revolutions from the College Board’s AP® European Course and Exam Description. But he was not alone. Similar events were taking place in Italy, Austria, etc. The response earned 1 point for contextualization in the first paragraph. The response describes how in the 1800s, nationalism and liberalism emerged, were spread by Napoleon, and sparked revolutions. The response then explains how this 19th-century nationalism was revived in the 20th century.3 questions in 40 minutes. Section 2: Free Response (40% of score) Document-Based Question (25% of score) 1 DBQ with the recommended 60 minutes to complete it. Long Essay Question (15% of score) 1 LEQ with the recommended 40 minutes to complete it. Total time: 1 hour and 40 minutes. Scoring Rubric for the 2024 AP European History exam.AP Euro: Age of Nationalism and Realism. Napoleon III. Click the card to flip 👆. Leader/Emperor of France of the Second Empire. (#3 because Napoleon II died, out of respect) -won approval of French people, wanted to be elected again. -Seized control of gov. w/ army. Restored Universal male suffrage-stimulated national economy and industrial ...AP Euro Nationalism and Imperialism. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Created by. dadelconte17. Terms in this set (31) "Scramble for Africa" 19th century movement in which European nations colonized Africa, introduced their culture, and extracted resources. Imperialism.Examples that do not earn this point: Do not provide context relevant to the topic of the prompt. “The emotionalism of Romanticism was threatened by the rising influence of the Enlightenment.”. “Romanticism can be described as breaking away from reality, and find the beauty within nature and mankind.Jan 26, 2023 · AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet): +AP Euro Heimler Review Guide: https://bit.ly/3PCPyiw +AP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ... AP European History Chapter 24. Universal male suffrage and widespread popular support gave him three times as many votes. This outcome occurred for several reasons. Napoleon had the great name of his uncle and middle-class and peasant property owners feared the socialist challenge of urban workers and they wanted a ruler to provide … Nationalism ap euro, Terms in this set (43) causes of imperialism. - increase competition. - demand for natural resources not found in the west. - darwinism: superior races had to civilize others. - religious motives. - establish economic presence in underdeveloped nations. effects of imperialism. - western technology spread. , AP European History: Sukarno Presentation. Explain briefly the individual's educational background and career. Click the card to flip 👆. - Su Karno was the leader of the Indonesian independence movement and Indonesia's first president (1949-66) - Sukarno was born June 6, 1901,in Surabaja, Java, Dutch East Indies — and died June 21, 1970 ..., The guerilla army of Giessupe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860, in attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicily peasantry. Many Italians looked to this autocratic government. Victor Emanuel II, this kingdom king, retained the liberal constitution, granted by his father. Sardinia's brilliant statesman. , nationalism. Sought to turn cultural unity (language, history, religion, geography) into political unity and independence from the influence of foreign powers. Brought about by the French Rev in 2 ways: French nationalistic fervor during the Wars, and common enemy posed by Napoleon's domination. Romanticism. , The guerilla army of Giessupe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860, in attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicily peasantry. Many Italians looked to this autocratic government. Victor Emanuel II, this kingdom king, retained the liberal constitution, granted by his father. Sardinia's brilliant statesman. , Jan 31, 2015 ... AP Euro: German Unification. 54K views · 9 ... AP Euro: 19th Century Realism ... German Unification (Part I: The Failure of Liberal Nationalism) / ..., The Document-Based Question (DBQ) asked students to evaluate the extent to which European imperialism had an impact on the economies of Africa and/or Asia. Responses were expected to address the time frame of the 19th through the early 20th centuries and to demonstrate the historical thinking skill of causation., AP Euro Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism 1850-1871; AP Euro Chapter 23 - The Mass Society in an 'Age of Progress' 1871-1894; AP Euro Chapter 24 - Age of Modernity, Anxiety, Imperialism 1894-1914; AP Euro Chapter 25 - World War I and the Russian Revolution; AP Euro Chapter 26 - Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939; AP …, Jan 31, 2020 · Conservatism, Liberalism, and Nationalism. january 31, 2020. S. Steven Kucklick. 📑 Summary. ⏳ Timestamps. Previous topic. Next topic. 🇪🇺 Previous Exam Prep study guides written by former AP Euro students to review Previous Exam Prep with detailed explanations and practice questions. , 1) Believed he could identify personality with occupation. 2) Imagined 810 distinct personalities in a legion or "phalanx" communities with 1620 people total. 3) Idea of the Phalanstery, a housing for mentioned phalanx. Karl Marx. 1) Scientific Socialist. 2) Published Communist Manifesto (which became the bible of socialism), believed one class ..., Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848. Leopold II. 1865-1909; King of Belgium, sent Henry Stanley to Africa. Liberalism. The base ideas of liberty and equality. Vocab for class at Niceville HS. The list is chapter 25. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free., AP Euro Chapter 22 (858-869) 10 terms. sfischer_14. Preview. Test #3 Preps. 27 terms. fapindiego. Preview. bruce india unit 🤓🤓🤓., If you’re one of the millions of people who suffer from allergies, you know how important it is to keep your home clean and free from allergens. One of the best ways to do this is ..., dismissal of Bismarck in 1890 placed European diplomacy in less-capable hands. France and Russia soon entered into a strategic alliance, expanding the alliance system and setting the stage for World War I. The wave of ethnic nationalism that led to the unification of Germany and Italy would have the opposite effect in Austria-Hungary, a multi-, Feb 27, 2015 ... I thought I'd use this as an opportunity to explain nationalism to AP European History students ... The Night Before Euro (AP Euro Live Review ..., Welcome to Mr. Tredinnick's AP European History Class. AP Euro is an in-depth survey of Europe History from the High Renaissance (about 1450) up until the present era. AP classes are the equivalent of a freshmen or sophomore level university class, and are designed to challenge the students with complex concepts and strenuous workloads., Jan 30, 2023 · 7.3 National Unification and Diplomatic Tensions. The Crimean War demonstrated the weakness of the Ottoman Empire and contributed to the breakdown of the Concert of Europe, thereby creating the conditions in which Italy and Germany could be unified after centuries of fragmentation. Ultimately, the Concert of Europe failed to address growing ... , AP Euro Chapter 22 (858-869) 10 terms. sfischer_14. Preview. Test #3 Preps. 27 terms. fapindiego. Preview. bruce india unit 🤓🤓🤓. , 1) Believed he could identify personality with occupation. 2) Imagined 810 distinct personalities in a legion or "phalanx" communities with 1620 people total. 3) Idea of the Phalanstery, a housing for mentioned phalanx. Karl Marx. 1) Scientific Socialist. 2) Published Communist Manifesto (which became the bible of socialism), believed one class ... , AP Euro CH 25 The Age of Nationalism 1850-1914 Flashcards | Quizlet. Get a hint. Nationalism. Click the card to flip 👆. • dedication to an identification with the nation-state. • been a powerful force since at least 1789. • can be narrowly liberal or democratic and radical. • can be conservative, fascist, or communist., AP Euro- Chapter 15: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I. 20 terms. aschroeder252. Preview. AP Euro Chapter 14 Questions ... German states into his arms - war was quickly won by the Prussians who consolidated Germany and created strong German nationalism - * also Prussia takes provinces of Alsace and …, Terms in this set (137) nationalism is when people take what in their national group? pride and patriotism. what movement helped unify Germany and Italy? nationalism. nationalism helps to develop which styles of government? democracy and dictatorship. nationalism has the potential to oppress who? minority groups. , President Herbert Hoover and his administration initially reacted to the stock market crash and economic decline with dogged optimism and limited action. When the full force of the financial crisis struck Europe in summer of 1931 and boomeranged back to the United States, people’s worst fears became reality., European nationalism. English Puritanism and nationalism. The first full manifestation of modern nationalism occurred in 17th-century England, in the Puritan revolution. England had become the leading nation in scientific spirit, in commercial enterprise, and in political thought and activity., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which ism encouraged loyalty to the nation, Nationalism believed that a nation consists of a group of people who share similar, Nationalists and more., AP European History courses are typically concluded with each student taking the AP European History exam. Earning an exemplary score on this exam allows the student to earn college credit for his or her efforts. Like all AP exams, AP European History exam is a lengthy exam, clocking in at three hours and five minutes. ... Nationalism practice ..., The other response was to reaffirm a defensive and lawful nationalism, above all the effort to create a Jewish state — Zionism. Mr. Hazony came to perceive the …, AP Euro Chapter 22 Vocab. 35 terms. MaddiePoole. Preview. World War II Vocabulary. 11 terms. cl27meinnertj. Preview. ... Devised system to repress all nationalism within the empire (Slavism, magyarism, Italianism and Germanism). Tried to create a solid unitary system and used reforms in legal code, free trade for empire, a common external ..., Terms in this set (43) causes of imperialism. - increase competition. - demand for natural resources not found in the west. - darwinism: superior races had to civilize others. - religious motives. - establish economic presence in underdeveloped nations. effects of imperialism. - western technology spread. , nationalism. Sought to turn cultural unity (language, history, religion, geography) into political unity and independence from the influence of foreign powers. Brought about by the French Rev in 2 ways: French nationalistic fervor during the Wars, and common enemy posed by Napoleon's domination. Romanticism., Welcome to Mr. Tredinnick's AP European History Class. AP Euro is an in-depth survey of Europe History from the High Renaissance (about 1450) up until the present era. AP classes are the equivalent of a freshmen or sophomore level university class, and are designed to challenge the students with complex concepts and strenuous workloads., • Used nationalism to strengthen the state . • Economic reforms resulted in a healthy economy. • Infrastructure: canals, roads; Baron Haussmann redevelops Paris. • …, Europe (1815-1848) quizzes about important details and events in every section of the book. ... AP® English test prep; Plus much more; ... Nationalism Nationalism was the most powerful of all the "isms" in this period. France and Great Britain's strong nation-states had inspired jealousy throughout the rest of Europe; other nations ...